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Rabanus, Maurus Magnentius, Blessed - Biographical article on this Benedictine, abbot of Fulda, Archbishop of Mainz, theologian, who died in 856.
Rabbi and Rabbinism - Article covering a 1913 Catholic view of Rabbinism.
Rabbulas - Bishop of Edessa. (d. 435)
Rabelais, François - Sixteenth-century French writer.
Raccolta - A book containing prayers and pious exercises to which the popes have attached indulgences.
Race, Human - Article describing the view of the human race from a 1911 Catholic perspective.
Race, Negro - Article describing the view of the negro race from a 1911 Catholic perspective.
Rachel - Mother of Joseph and Benjamin, and love of Jacob.
Racine, Jean - Brief biography of the seventeenth-century dramatist.
Rader, Matthew - Philologist and historian. (1561-1634)
Radewyns, Florens - Co-founder of the Brethren of the Common Life. (d. 1400)
Radowitz, Joseph Maria von - Writer and statesman. (1797-1853)
Radulph of Rivo - Historian and liturgist. (d. 1403)
Raffeix, Pierre - Missionary and cartographer. (1633-1724)
Ragueneau, Paul - Jesuit missionary. (1608-1680)
Raich, Johann Michael - German theologian and writer. (1832-1907)
Raimondi, Marcantonio - Fifteenth-and-sixteenth century Italian engraver.
Rainald of Dassel - Chancellor of the German Empire. (d. 1167)
Rajpootana - Prefecture apostolic covering several Indian states.
Râle (Rasle), Sebastian - French Jesuit missionary to North America, and martyr. (1654-1724)
Ralph Ashley, Blessed - English Jesuit lay-brother, cook and domestic servant, was tortured and martyred in 1606.
Ralph Corbie, Blessed - Sometimes called Ralph Corrington. An Irish-born Jesuit, martyred together with secular priest John Duckett in 1644.
Ralph Crockett, Blessed - English priest, martyred in 1588.
Ralph Milner, Blessed - A husband and father, convert to Catholicism, arrested the day of his first Communion, and martyred in 1591.
Ralph Sherwin, Saint - An English priest who was imprisoned and tortured. He died a martyr in 1581.
Ram, Pierre François Xavier de - Belgian historian and rector of the Catholic University of Louvain. (1804-1865)
Ramatha - Titular see in Palestine, suppressed in 1884 by the Roman Curia.
Rambler, The - Monthly English Catholic periodical published from 1848 to 1859.
Rameau, Jean-Philippe - Life, summaries of religious and secular works, and commentary on his advances in music theory and composition.
Ramsey Abbey - English abbey founded by a Saxon noble in 969.
Ramus, Peter - Article by William Turner on this early humanist and logician.
Rance, Jean-Armand le Bouthillier de - French abbot and reformer. (1626-1700)
Randall, James Ryder - American journalist and poet. (1839-1908)
Ransom, Feast of Our Lady of - Feast on 24 September commemorating the foundation of the Mercedarians.
Raphael - Italian painter. (1483-1520)
Raphael, Saint - Archangel appearing in the Book of Tobias.
Raphoe - Diocese comprising the greater part of County Donegal in the ecclesiastical province of Armagh.
Rapin, René - French Jesuit writer. (1621-1687)
Raskolniks - A generic term for dissidents from the Established Church in Russia.
Rass, Andreas - Bishop of Strasburg. (1794-1887)
Rathborne, Joseph - Priest and controversialist. (1807-1842)
Ratherius of Verona - Writer and troubled leader of the Diocese of Verona.
Ratio Studiorum - The educational system of the Jesuits.
Rationale - Collar ornamented in the front and back with appendages worn by the Bishops of Eichstätt, Paderborn, Toul, and Cracow.
Rationalism - Term used in an exact sense, to designate a particular moment in the development of Protestant thought in Germany, or in a broader, and more usual, sense to cover the view that the human reason, or understanding, is the sole source and final test of all truth.
Ratisbon - German diocese embracing the greater portion of the administrative district of Oberpfalz, and portions of Upper and Lower Bavaria, and Upper Franconia.
Ratisbonne, Maria Alphonse - Converted Jew who built two convents in Jerusalem. (1814-1884)
Ratisbonne, Maria Theodor - Preacher, writer, and director of the Archconfraternity of Christian Mothers. (1802-1884)
Ratramnus - Ninth-century Benedictine monk and author.
Ratzeburg, Ancient See of - Ancient German diocese that was suffragan to Hamburg and embraced the Duchy of Lauenburg (Holstein) in the Prussian Province of Schleswig- Holstein, the Principality of Ratzeburg in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and the western part of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, including Wismar but not Schwerin.
Ratzinger, Georg - Political economist and social reformer. (1844-1899)
Rauscher, Joseph Othmar - Prince-Archbishop of Vienna. (1797-1875)
Ravalli, Antonio - Italian missionary. (1811-1884)
Ravenna - Archdiocese based in the capital of a province in Romagna, central Italy.
Ravesteyn, Josse - French theologian. (d. 1570)
Ravignan, Gustave Xavier Lacroix de - French Jesuit, orator, and author. (1795-1858)
Rawes, Henry Augustus - Oblate of St. Charles, hymn-writer and preacher. (1826-1885)
Raymbault, Charles - French missionary. (b. 1602)
Raymond IV, of Saint-Gilles - Count of Toulouse and of Tripoli. (d. 1105)
Raymond Lully, Blessed - Biobibliographical article on Ramon Lull, who is called "Doctor Illuminatus."
Raymond Martini - Dominican, theologian and Orientalist. (1220-1284)
Raymond Nonnatus, Saint - Spanish Mercedarian. (1200-1240)
Raymond of Peñafort, Saint - Born near Barcelona, Raymond was an able canon lawyer who joined the Dominicans. He died in 1275.
Raymond of Sabunde - Teacher and writer. (d. 1432)
Raymond VI - Count of Toulouse. (1156-1222)
Raymond VII - Count of Toulouse and son of Raymond VI. (1197-1249)
Raynaldi, Odorico - Italian oratorian. (1595-1671)
Raynaud, Théophile - French theologian and writer. (1583-1663)
Raynouard, François-Juste-Marie - French poet, dramatist, and philologist. (1761-1836)
Reading Abbey - Abbey founded by Henry I in 1121 and located in Surrey, England.
Reason - Article discussing various definitions of the term.
Recanati and Loreto - Diocese based around the province of Ancona in Central Italy.
Rechab and the Rechabites - Rechab was the father of Jonadab who in IV Kings, x, 15-28, appears as a fervent supporter of Jehu's attack on the House of Achab. The Rechabites were his descendants.
Recollection - Recollection, as understood in respect to the spiritual life, means attention to the presence of God in the soul.
Rector - Priests who preside over missions or quasi-parishes.
Rector Potens, Verax Deus - The daily hymn for Sext in the Roman Breviary.
Recusants, English - People who refrained from attending Church of England services.
Red Sea - The north-west arm of the Indian Ocean, some 1400 miles long and lying between Arabia on the east and Africa on the west.
Redeemer, Feast of the Most Holy - Feast that is found only in the special calendar of some dioceses and religious orders, and is celebrated with proper Mass and Office either on the third Sunday of July or on 23 October.
Redeemer, Knights of the - A secular community founded in 1608 by the Duke of Mentone, Vincent Gonzaga, on the occasion of the marriage of his eldest son Francis II Gonzaga with Marguerite of Savoy.
Redemption - The restoration of man from the bondage of sin to the liberty of the children of God through the satisfactions and merits of Christ.
Redemption in the Old Testament - Strictly deliverance by payment of a price or ransom, or simply deliverance by power, as from oppression, violence, or captivity.
Redemptions, Penitential - The substitution of exercises either easier or extending over a shorter period, for works of penance imposed according to the penitential canons.
Redemptoristines - Community of nuns formed in Scala, Italy, by Father Thomas Falcoia.
Redemptorists - Society of missionary priests founded by St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori in 1732 at Scala, Italy.
Redford, Sebastion - Jesuit chaplain and writer. (1701-1763)
Redi, Francesco - Italian poet. (1626-1698)
Reding, Augustine - Prince-Abbot of Einsiedeln and theological writer. (1625-1692)
Reductions of Paraguay - Jesuit campaign to convert the natives of Paraguay.
Referendarii - Officials in the Byzantine Court who reported to the emperor on the memorials of petitioners, and conveyed to the judges the orders of the emperor in connexion with such memorials.
Reform of a Religious Order - Return or bringing back of an order from a mitigated or relaxed observance to the rigour of its primitive rule.
Reformation, The - Sixteenth century religious movement led by Martin Luther.
Reformed Churches - Protestant bodies which adopted the tenets of Zwingli and, later, the doctrinal principles of Calvin.
Refuge, Cities of - Towns which according to the Jewish law enjoyed the right of asylum and to which anyone who had unintentionally slain another might flee and be protected from the "avenger of blood".
Refuge, Sisters of Our Lady of Charity of the - Religious order founded in 1641 that works towards reforming women living a life of sin.
Regale, Droit de - Document denoting those rights that belonged exclusively to the king.
Regalia - The insignia of royalty or "crown jewels".
Regeneration - Biblico-dogmatic term closely connected with the ideas of justification, Divine sonship, and the deification of the soul through grace.
Regesta, Papal - Copies, generally entered in special registry volumes, of the papal letters and official documents that are kept in the papal archives.
Reggio dell' Emilia - Italian diocese and suffragan of Modena.
Reggio di Calabria - Archdiocese in Calabria, southern Italy.
Regina - Ecclesiastical division comprising the southern part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.
Regina Coeli - The opening words of the Eastertide anthem of the Blessed Virgin.
Reginald of Piperno - Companion of St. Thomas Aquinas. (1230-1290)
Regino of Prüm - German abbot. (d. 915)
Regionarii - The name given in later antiquity and the early Middle Ages to those clerics and officials of the Church of Rome who were attached neither to the papal palace or the titular churches of Rome, but to one of the city regions, or wards, which was assigned as their official district.
Regis, Jean-Baptiste - French missionary. (d. 1738)
Regis, Pierre Sylvain - French philosopher and writer. (1632-1707)
Registers, Parochial - Five distinct parish registers that a pastor must have: one each of baptisms, confirmations, marriages, and deaths; and a fifth containing a census or general account of the state of souls in the parish.
Regnault, Henri Victor - French chemist and physicist. (1810-1878)
Regulae Juris - Certain fundamental laws in the form of axioms found in the "Corpus Juris".
Regulars - Monks in observance of the Rule of St. Benedict.
Reichenau - Island upon the Gnadensee of the Lake of Constance, about one mile in breadth and about three and three-quarter miles long.
Reichensperger, August - Prussian politician and author. (1808-1895)
Reichensperger, Peter - German jurist and parliamentarian. (1810-1892)
Reifenstein - Former Cistercian abbey in Eichsfeld, founded on 1 August, 1162 by Count Ernst of Tonna.
Reiffenstuel, Johann Georg - Theologian and canonist. (1641-1703)
Reims - Archdiocese of Reims comprising the district of Reims in the Department of Marne and the whole Department of Ardennes.
Reims, Synods of - History of a series of synods held at the French city.
Reinmar of Hagenau - German minnesinger of the twelfth century.
Reisach, Carl von - Theologian and statesman. (1800-1869)
Reisch, Gregor - Intellectual and writer. (d. 1525)
Relationship - A certain connection of persons established either by nature or by civil or canon law.
Relatives, Duties of - Discusses a variety of duties that relatives should apply to one another.
Relativism - A doctrine which denies, universally or in regard to some restricted sphere of being, the existence of absolute values.
Relics - An object, notably part of the body or clothes, remaining as a memorial of a departed saint.
Religion - The voluntary subjection of oneself to God.
Religion, Virtue of - Article discussing the moral value of religion.
Religious Life - Overview and evangelical ideas on what makes up religious life.
Reliquaries - Any box, casket, or shrine destined for the reception of relics.
Remesiana - A titular see in Bulgaria, suffragan of Sardica.
Remigius of Auxerre - Benedictine monk, teacher and theologian. (d. 908)
Remigius, Saint - Apostle of the Franks, Archbishop of Reims, d. 553.
Remiremont - Monastery and nunnery of the Rule of St. Benedict, founded by Sts. Romaricus and Amatus in 620 above the town of Vosges, France.
Remuzat, Ven. Anne-Madeleine - Writer and witness to a revelation. (1696-1730)
Remy, Abbey of Saint - Abbey located in Reims, France that acquired the relics of St. Remy in 553.
Renaissance, The - Period of revival of classic, especially of Greek, learning and the recovery of ancient art in the departments of sculpture, painting, and architecture.
Renaudot, Eusebius - Apologetical writer and Orientalist. (1648-1720)
Renaudot, Théophraste - Doctor who engaged in relief work for the poor. (1586-1653)
René Goupil, Saint - Short biography of the Jesuit missionary, martyred in 1642.
Reni, Guido - Italian painter. (1575-1642)
Rennes - French diocese including the Department of Ille et Vilaine.
Renty, Gaston Jean Baptiste de - Jesuit who devoted himself to the service of the needy and suffering. (1611-1649)
Renunciation - A canonical term signifying the resignation of an ecclesiastical office or benefice.
Reordinations - The history of all ordinations which were considered null for any other reason than defect of the prescribed form or intention and which were repeated.
Reparation - Theological concept of God demanding satisfaction for the injuries which man had done Him.
Repington, Philip - Fourteenth-and-fifteenth century cardinal-priest of the title of SS.
Repose, Altar of - Sometimes called less properly sepulchre or tomb, more frequently repository.
Reputation (as Property) - The outcome of a person's meritorious activity.
Requiem, Masses of - Masses that are offered for the dead.
Rerum Crerator Optime - The hymn for Matins of Wednesday in the Divine Office.
Rerum Deus Tenax Vigor - Brief article on a hymn for None, one of the "little hours." Mid-afternoon.
Rerum Novarum - The opening words and the title of the Encyclical issued by Leo XIII, 15 May, 1891, on the "Condition of Labour".
Rescripts, Papal - Responses of the pope or a Sacred Congregation, in writing, to queries or petitions of individuals.
Reservation - The restriction in certain cases by a superior of the jurisdiction ordinarily exercised by an inferior.
Reservation of the Blessed Sacrament - The practice of preserving after the celebration of the Liturgy a portion of the consecrated elements for the Communion of the sick or for other pious purposes. The extreme antiquity of such reservation cannot be disputed.
Reserved Cases - A term used for sins whose absolution is not within the power of every confessor.
Residence, Ecclesiastical - A remaining or abiding where one's duties lie or where one's occupation is properly carried on.
Respighi, Lorenzo - Italian astronomer. (1824-1889)
Responsorium - A series of verses and responses, usually taken from Holy Scripture and varying according to the feast or season.
Restitution - An act of commutative justice by which exact reparation as far as possible is made for an injury that has been done to another.
Resurrection, General - The rising again from the dead, the resumption of life.
Resurrection of Jesus Christ - Resurrection is the rising again from the dead, the resumption of life.
Rethel, Alfred - German painter. (1816-1859)
Retreat of the Sacred Heart, Congregation of - Congregation founded in 1678 with large schools in various places in England, France, and Belgium.
Retreats - A series of days passed in solitude and consecrated to practices of asceticism, in particular to prayer and penance.
Retz, Cardinal de - Archbishop of Paris. (1614-1679)
Reuben - Proper name meaning both a patriarch and a tribe of Israel.
Reuchlin, Johannes - German humanist. (1455-1522)
Reumont, Alfred von - Statesman and historian. (1808-1887)
Reusens, Edmond - Belgian archeologist and historian. (1831-1903)
Reuss - Name of the two smallest states of the German Confederation.
Revelation - The communication of some truth by God to a rational creature through means which are beyond the ordinary course of nature.
Revelations, Private - Article discussing the judging of private revelations.
Revocation - The act of recalling or annulling.
Revolution, English, of 1688 - The history of the Revolution resolves itself into a catalogue of various ill-judged measures which alienated the support of the Established Church, the Tory party, and the nation as a whole.
Revolution, French - A view of its effect on the Church.
Rex Gloriose Martyrum - The hymn at Lauds in the Common of Martyrs in the Roman Breviary.
Rex Sempiterne Caelitum - The Roman Breviary hymn for Matins of Sundays and weekdays during the Paschal Time.
Rey, Anthony - Educator and Mexican War chaplain. (1807-1847)
Reynolds, William - Writer, priest and lecturer. (1544-1594)
Rhaetia - Prefecture Apostolic in Switzerland.
Rhaphanaea - A titular see in Syria Secunda, suffragan of Apamea.
Rheinberger, Joseph Gabriel - Bavarian composer and organist. (1839-1901)
Rhesaena - A titular see in Osrhoene, suffragan of Edessa.
Rhinocolura - A titular see in Augustamnica Prima, suffragan of Pelusium.
Rhithymna - A titular see of Crete, suffragan of Gortyna.
Rhizus - A titular see of Pontus Polemoniacus, suffragan of Neocaesarea.
Rho, Giacomo - Italian missionary to China. (1593-1638)
Rhode Island - American state and one of the thirteen original colonies.
Rhodes - A titular metropolitan of the Cyclades.
Rhodes, Alexandre De - French missionary. (1591-1660)
Rhodesia - British possession in South Africa (present-day Zimbabwe).
Rhodiopolis - A titular see of Lycia, suffragan of Myra.
Rhodo - Second-century Christian writer.
Rhosus - A titular see in Cilicia Secunda, suffragan to Anazarba.
Rhymed Bibles - Short article on rhymed versions of the Bible, which are almost always psalters or only part of the Psalms.
Rhythmical Office - A liturgical horary prayer, the canonical hours of the priest, or an office of the Breviary, in which not only the hymns are regulated by a certain rhythm, but where, with the exception of the psalms and lessons, practically all the other parts show metre, rhythm, or rhyme.
Ribadeneira, Pedro de - Writer and member of the Society of Jesus. (1526-1611)
Ribas, Andrés Pérez De - Missionary and historian. (1576-1655)
Ribe, Ancient See of, in Denmark (Jutland) - Diocese that once consisted of the modern Danish Provinces of Ribe, Vejle, and Ringkjöbing, and of part of North Schleswig.
Ribeirao Preto - A suffragan see of the Archdiocese of São Paulo, Brazil.
Ribera, Jusepe de - Spanish artist. (1588-1656)
Ricardus Anglicus - Pioneer of scientific judicial procedure in the twelfth century.
Riccardi, Nicholas - Italian theologian, writer and preacher. (1585-1639)
Ricci, Lorenzo - General of the Society of Jesus. (1703-1775)
Ricci, Matteo - Founder of the Catholic missions of China. (1552-1610)
Riccioli, Giovanni Battista - Italian astronomer. (1598-1671)
Richard - A Friar minor and preacher, appearing in history between 1428 and 1431, whose origin and nationality are unknown.
Richard, Charles-Louis - Theologian and publicist. (1711-1794)
Richard de Bury - English bishop and bibliophile. (1286-1345)
Richard de la Vergne, François-Marie-Benjamin - Archbishop of Paris. (1819-1908)
Richard de Wyche, Saint - The devoted companion of St. Edmund Rich, was bishop of Chichester. Richard died in 1253, and was canonized less than 10 years later.
Richard Fetherston, Blessed - Priest and martyr, died at Smithfield, 1540.
Richard Hill, Blessed - A Yorkshireman and priest, executed in 1590. Martyred together with John Hogg, Richard Holiday, and Edmund Duke.
Richard Hurst, Blessed - Also called Richard Herst. Layman martyred at Lancaster in 1628 following a show trial.
Richard I, King of England - King who embarked on the Crusades. (1157-1199)
Richard Langhorne, Blessed - Married Englishman, lawyer, martyred in 1679.
Richard Langley, Blessed - Biographical portrait of the Yorkshire layman who refused to compromise his faith, and who paid the price for it. He was martyred in 1586.
Richard Leigh, Blessed - Article on this English priest and missionary to his native land, martyred in 1588.
Richard of Cirencester - Chronicler and monk at Westminster Abbey.
Richard of Cornwall - Thirteenth century writer and lecturer.
Richard of Middletown - Thirteenth-century writer and Franciscan.
Richard of St. Victor - Biographical article on the 12th-century Scottish theologian, exegete, and mystic.
Richard Rolle de Hampole, Blessed - English solitary and writer. Article on his life and writings.
Richard Sergeant, Blessed - English priest martyred in 1586.
Richard Thirkeld, Blessed - English priest, missionary, arrested while visiting a Catholic in prison, and martyred in 1583.
Richard White, Saint - Real name, Richard Gwyn. Welsh schoolmaster, husband and father, had a reputation as a scholar, poet, martyred in 1584.
Richard Whiting, Blessed - Last abbot of Glastonbury, martyr, executed in 1539.
Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, Duke de - Cardinal and French statesman. (1585-1642)
Richmond, Diocese of - Suffragan of Baltimore consisting of parts of the states of Virginia and West Virginia.
Ricoldo da Monte di Croce - Italian professor, scholar and writer. (d. 1320)
Riemenschneider, Tillmann - Frankish sculptor. (1460-1531)
Rienzi, Cola di - Italian revolutionary and notary of the Camera Capitolina. (d. 1354)
Rieti - Diocese in Central Italy, immediately subject to the Holy See.
Rievaulx, Abbey of - English monastery founded in 1131.
Riffel, Caspar - German historian and writer. (1807-1856)
Rigby, Nicholas - English priest. (1800-1886)
Right - Substantive designating the object of justice.
Rimbert, Saint - Monk and archbishop of Bremen-Hamburg. (d. 888)
Rimini - Diocese, suffragan of Ravenna.
Rimini, Council of - Opened early in July, 359, with over four hundred bishops.
Rimouski - Canadian diocese, suffragan of Quebec.
Ring of the Fisherman, The - Ring worn by the popes, with a representation of St. Peter in a boat on it.
Rings - Article discussing religious uses and values concerning the wearing of rings.
Rinuccini, Giovanni Battista - Papal nuncio to Ireland during the uprising of 1645-49. (1592-1653)
Rio, Alexis-François - French writer on art. (1797-1874)
Rio Negro - Prefecture Apostolic in Brazil.
Riobamba - City forming the base for the diocese of Bolivarensis, suffragan of Quito, Ecuador.
Rioja, Francisco de - Spanish poet. (1583-1659)
Ripalda, Juan Martínez de - Spanish theologian. (1594-1648)
Ripatransone - Diocese in Ascoli Piceno, Central Italy.
Ripon, Marquess of - English politician, Governor-General and Viceroy of India. (1827-1909)
Risby, Richard - Warden of the Observant friary at Canterbury who was condemned to death by Henry VIII. (1489-1534)
Rishanger, William - Thirteenth-century English chronicler.
Rishton, Edward - Priest and writer that fell victim to the plague. (1550-1585)
Rita of Cascia, Saint - Rita married an abusive man, became a mother, was widowed, joined the Augustinians. She died in 1456.
Rites - The ceremonies, prayers, and functions of any religious body.
Rites in the United States - Article discussing various rites used within the United States.
Ritschlianism - Conception of the nature and scope of Christianity, widely held in modern Protestantism, especially in Germany.
Ritter, Joseph Ignatius - German historian and writer. (1787-1857)
Ritual - One of the official books of the Roman Rite. It includes all the services performed by a priest that are not in the Missal and Breviary and has also, for convenience, some that are in those books.
Ritualists - The advanced section of the High Church party in the Anglican Establishment, which since about 1860 has adhered to and developed further the principles of the earlier Tractarian Movement.
Rivington, Luke - English priest and writer. (1838-1899)
Rizal, José Mercado - Filipino hero, physician, poet, novelist, and sculptor. (1861-1896)
Robbia, Andrea della - Nephew, pupil and assistant to painter Luca. (1431-1528)
Robbia, Lucia di Simone - Italian sculptor. (1400-1481)
Robert Anderton, Blessed - English priest and friend of William Marsden. The two were shipwrecked, whereupon they were arrested for being priests coming into England from abroad, and tried on the "bloody question." They were hanged, drawn, and quartered in 1586.
Robert Bickerdike, Blessed - Short biography of the sixteenth-century martyr, a layman from Yorkshire.
Robert Drury, Blessed - Biographical portrait of the English priest, martyred at Tyburn in February 1606/7